In recent times, with the dwindling reserves of ggas and increasing reliance on other deposits of higher calorific gas, which must be. The merits of using a feedforward control using the wobbe index of the fuel gas, compared to a feedback control, using oxygen. It is a measure of energy delivered through an injector to a burner. Finally, the results suggest that leanburn operation would be less affected by fuel composition if the gas methane number is above 70. Rapid determination of the wobbe index of natural gas. Wobbe index is used to compare the combustion energy output with different composition of fuel gases. The calculator is used by bright sensors sa as part of the development of its compact and affordable gas quality sensors. Wobbe index is an important parameter to evaluate gaseous fuel interchangeability 35 37, and the definition is given by eq. Wobbe index and gross calorific value in european networks. Glossary the words, phrases and abbreviations set out below have the meanings set out opposite them when used in this guide. The wobbe index wi or wobbe number is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas lpg, and town gas and is frequently defined in the specifications of gas supply and transport utilities.
The wobbe index meter wim measures the wobbe index and the air demand of natural gas, refinery fuel gases and biogas. The wobbe index is sometimes called the interchangability factor symbol, wn or wi. Specifications installation general purpose and atex 2g 3g group iic t4 specific gravity range 03 analog output 420 ma error. If two fuels have identical wobbe indices then for given. It shows the compatibility between the natural gas supplied and the burner gqhwg, 2004. Add, replace, move, or resize images on the page using selections from the objects list. The wobbe index wi or wobbe number 1 is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases such as natural gas, liquified petroleum gas lpg, and town gas and is frequently defined in the specifications of gas supply and transport utilities. The wobbe index change of different fuel mixtures is plotted in fig. An indicator of the quality of a fuel gas, measured from the heat produced by burning through a defined orifice in standard temperature and pressure conditions, quantitatively defined as the ratio of btus per cubic foot to the square root of the specific gravity of the gas. In this post, we will see the wobbe index and modified wobbe index formula and wobbe index of commonly used fuel gasses in industries. Let assist you with your fuel gas calorimeter and btu measurement needs. The wobbe index is actually the correct representation of the heating value of natural gas arriving, from the gas line, at the orifice where a burner is located. The wobbe index in the hgas standard and how to include renewable gases in the gas quality standardisation cen presentation.
Wobbe index uses to compare the combustion energy of various fuel gasses. Natural gas measurement of properties calorific value and wobbe index. The wobbe index is sometimes called the interchangability factor. The wobbe number, or wobbe index, of a fuel gas is found by dividing the high heating value of the gas in btu per standard cubic foot by the square root of its specific gravity with respect to air.
The wobbe index wi or wobbe number is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas lpg, and town gas and is frequently defined in the specifications of gas supply and transport utilities if is the higher heating value, or higher calorific value, and is the specific gravity, the wobbe index, is defined as. Pdf influence of hydrogen addition to pipeline natural gas. An increase in wobbe index will lead to an increase of power input and a decrease of the air gas ratio. The baggi bawia is an online process analyzer for combustible gases. Raman spectroscopy, wobbe index, photonic crystal fiber, kagome, fiber enhanced, natural gas. Wobbe index and modified wobbe index formula mechanical. Apr 25, 2017 wobbe index online calculation the wobbe index is one of the main indicator of fuel gasses interchangeability in the application of gas turbines. The wobbe index is used as a measure for the interchangeability of.
An emerson gas chromatograph provides the accurate, reliable data that is required to ensure no damage to the equipment results from operating on low or midrange wobbe gas. Terms defined in the national gas law or the national gas rules have the same meanings in these. Rugged and compact design residual oxygen content principle fast response insensitive to ambient temperature fluctuations high accuracy and low noise effective measuring range 0100% fs. Main defects that can be observed are understoichiometric firing, co production, soot, knocking, premature ignition in premix turbines, change in no x emissions.
Gas analysis for composition, wobbe index and dewpoint. You can make ads in the engineering toolbox more useful to you. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing adobes licensing policy. If you find this website valuable and appreciate it is open and free for everybody please contribute by. It measures in real time the wobbe index, calorific value and specific gravity. The sample conditioning system for the oma wobbe index analyzer is a panel designed to achieve quick, automatic, and reliable wobbe index readings on pipeline. For metering, monitoring and control applications where 5 minutes update time is acceptable the yamatake heat value gas chromatograph hgc 303 is the best solution. Wobbe index and gross calorific value in european networks analysis of ranges and variability 1. The wobbe index and natural gas interchangeability pdf. Important aspects of the quality of a gas, in addition to the heating value and the wobbe index, are. The wobbe index wi expresses the heating value known as calorific value of gases used as fuels, taking into account the.
We can find the wobbe index from the equation wi how can the wobbe index be used. Number, combustion potential and yellow tip index are calculated for both liquefied petroleum gas. The role of standardized gateways in sustainable infrastructure transitions. The wobbe index was defined 1927 by the engineer goffredo wobbe. Hobre wim wobbe index meter installation, operation and. Gas interchangeability defined american gas association. The wobbe index wi or wobbe number is an indicator of the interchangeability of fuel gases.
Cva100 wobbe index analyzer online monitoring of calorific value in fuel gases. A lot of work has been reported on the calorific value of biogas but little was done on wobbe index for biogas. Thermocouples located directly upstream of the gas turbines stop speed ratio valve initiate this permissive. Its central thesis is that fitnessforpurpose in any particular application defined in terms of a set of specific operational requirements can be assessed only by means of a welldesigned programme of experimental tests. Design considerations for heated gas fuel ge power systems ger4189b 0303. Wobbe index online calculation mechanical engineering site. Wobbe index online calculation the wobbe index is one of the main indicator of fuel gasses interchangeability in the application of gas turbines. What is the physical meaning not the equation of the wobbe. The wobbe index is one of the main indicator of fuel gasses interchangeability in the application of gas turbines. The wobbe index is essential for analyzing the impact of a fuel changeover and is also a common specification of appliances that use gas and of devices that. In the netherlands, a rather narrow wobbe band in keeping with the wobbe index of ggas 43.
Background as a continuation of mandate m400 and supported by the conclusions of the 29th madrid forum, cen continues working on finding an eu agreement for a wobbe index band, including elaborating on the possibility of regional bands. Pdf buddy uses secure sockets layer ssl and aes256 bit encryption, to ensure your files. If natural gasair or lpgair is used, of a wobbe number. Designed for installation inside the gas mixing compartment of the hobre instruments wobbe index analysers and calorimeters to generate a heating value output. Measuring wobbe index turbine damage can be the result from high dynamics that result from variations in the wobbe index. Ger4189b design considerations for heated gas fuel. Handbook on material and energy balance calculations. A new instrument to measure the wobbe index of natural gas has been developed and tested. Mak, fluor energy and chemicals, usa, analyses how, when used for power generation, natural gas compositions must be within design ranges determined by the wobbe index. Rapid determination of the wobbe index of natural gas iopscience. Wobbe index btucubic foot vsg in 1927, goffredo wobbe, a physicist in bologna. Wim 9900 wobbe index and calorimeters measures wobbe index, combustion air requirement cari and calorific value of natural gas, fuel gas, cogbfg etc. Wobbe index for common fuel gases propane, butane, methane and more. Design, modelling, fabrication and application of microfluidic handling systems, including mems thermal and coriolis flow sensors and controllers, mems pressure sensors, mems control valves and micromachined flow analysis sytems such as multiparameter flow measurement systems and micro wobbe index meters.
Heating value and wobbe index variation of hydrogennatural gas mixtures in fig. A dictionary of weights, measures, and units authors. Articles from the past year selected by our editors. Bs en iso 69762016 natural gas calculation of calorific.
The wobbe index indicates the interchange ability of a fuel gas and is the best indicator of similarity between. Wobbe index is calculated from heating value and specific density, according iso en 69762005. The question addressed here is to what extent the wobbe index, a pivotal standard for gas distribution in the netherlands. Specific statements of the need for gas interchangeability criteria are rare in the early industry literature, probably. Us20080087070a1 gasenergy observatory with wobbeindex. Interchangeability and wobbe index used as quality parameter for liquefied natural gas rafael rosal 1 and sabrina di scipio 2. Installation, operation and maintenance manual wim9900 series wobbe index meter revision. Systems and methods for modified wobbe index control with. Wobbe index meter, gas stability system, yamatake heat. Consists of conditions, practices, or procedures that must be observed to prevent personal injury.
The wobbe index is a measure of the interchangeability of fuel gases and their relative ability to deliver energy. Wobbe index translation in englishgerman dictionary. The wobbe index is a measure of the interchangeability of gases when they are used as a fuel. An additional co 2 measurement allows the determination of mean molar mass and specific density of the sample probe. Realtime wobbe index determination of natural gas j. Pdf standards fix the parameters of technology development, as we know.
Highlights systematic investigation of the acceptable range of gas quality for largescale, forceddraught industrial burners. Specific gravity heating value wobbe index cari combustion air requirement index. Apr 25, 2017 in this post, we will see the wobbe index and modified wobbe index formula and wobbe index of commonly used fuel gasses in industries. Rapid changes in fuel gas heating value, air demand and composition are typical forapplications in oil refineries, chemical plants and many other sites. The instrument is a high speed combustion calorimeter complemented by the sampling system naphtha removal for blastfurnace gas and coke oven gas. Calorimeter measurement principle residual oxygen measurement the cosa 9610 wobbe index meters measuring principle is based on the analysis of the oxygen content in the flue gas after combustion of the sample. Automatic wobbe index control for peak shaving plants. Wobbe index article about wobbe index by the free dictionary. This study modeled the effects of six different natural gas blends methane number 50 to100 and wobbe index 48 to 59 on the performance and emissions of a heavyduty directinjection diesel engine converted to spark ignition operation. A continuous gas sample is mixed with dry air at a precisely maintained constant ration. Development of a new wobbe index meter for combustion control. This international standard neither endorses nor disputes the claims of any commercial manufacturer for the performance of an instrument.
Jun 11, 20 there is therefore a desire for improved systems and methods for adequate modifying wobbe index control without the complexity and expense of known systems. The reports will include the use of standard measurements for natural gas namely cubic meters m3 for natural gas under standard temperature and pressure stp joules j for natural gas energy megajoules per cubic meter mjm3 for superior calorific value and wobbe index percent mole for the chemical composition of natural gas such as. A decrease of wobbe may lead to flame lift if the burner technology is. Results of experiments on a number of generic largescale industrial burners in which the wobbe index is varied across the easeegas range. Fill out forms, add signatures, white out and highlight without breaking a sweat. Natural gas measurement of properties calorific value. The wobbe index is the factor that gives the specific heat load of a given gas to a burner. It gives an indication of whether a turbine or burner will be able to run on an alternative fuel source without tuning or physical modifications. Wobbe index and heating value meter wdm 3300 measures wobbe index and calorific value of natural gas, fuel gas, biogas, coke oven gas etc. The wobbe index is a critical factor to minimize the impact of fluctuations in your fuel gas supply and can therefore be used to increase the efficiency of your burner or gas turbine applications. Consists of conditions, practices, or procedures that must be observed to prevent personal. Gas interchangeability criteria emerged in the early days of the natural gas industry as a means of avoiding end use combustion problems before they occurred in widespread fashion in the field.
It uses a new principle of thermodynamic anemometry, wherein a fraction of the flow is extracted and passed through a small measurement chamber. Monitoring the wobbe index of natural gas using fiberenhanced. Reported fuel effects on no x fullscale engine testing confirms rig testing that, without burner modifications or engine control enhancements, increasing wobbe index can result in increased no x. This manual makes extensive use of stepbystep instructions and procedures. The combustion behaviour of forceddraught industrial burners. Wim wobbe index meter installation, operation and maintenance manual hobre instuments b. Cva100 wobbe index analyzer applied analytics ds005a revised 18 june 20 applied 1 analytics tm ds005a.
Numerical investigation of methanenumber and wobbeindex. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Describes a fast response wobbe meter for natural gas. We recently disclosed a novel observatory which captures the complete picture in domestic gasenergy usage and local weather data in realtime. The wobbe number, or wobbe index, is a description of a fuel gas used in deciding whether that gas can be substituted for another in a particular burner, for example, can propane be used in a kitchen range made to burn natural gas. Wobbe index is the factor that affects with heat released from a machine. The wobbe index in the hgas standard and how to include.
The combustion and interchangeability of natural gas. It is not simply the btu per cubic foot but rather the btu per cubic foot divided by the square root of the specific gravity. For more information on the blueeye sensor, any questions about wobbe index sensing or feedback on this calculator please contact us. Gas quality guidelines australian energy market operator. Union has supplied gas calorimeters, wobbe index value and specific gravity analyzers to the worlds major process industries for over 80 years.
It compares the energy output of different gases during combustion. The wobbe index indicates the interchange ability of a fuel gas and is the best indicator of similarity between natural gas and a specific propaneair mixture. Theres no software to install all you need is the web browser youre using right now. Jun 08, 2018 the wobbe number, or wobbe index, is a description of a fuel gas used in deciding whether that gas can be substituted for another in a particular burner, for example, can propane be used in a kitchen range made to burn natural gas. Validation of wobbe sensor slaterfarinemaederryser 2 5 where, wi is the wobbe index of the gas, hhv is its higher heating value. In many countries in recent times there has been a significant shift from a single source of indigenous natural gas towards multiple sources of. Pdf from natural gas to hydrogen via the wobbe index. Such improved systems and methods may ensure adequate modified wobbe index control and, hence, adequate overall system performance without requiring complex feedback mechanism and the like. Add new text, edit text, or update fonts using selections from the format list.
357 164 1676 986 33 406 1147 596 779 518 305 1169 1505 234 201 301 1120 996 353 709 1403 556 786 1449 507 282 1520 1150 431 1253 271 839 1059 1138 35 179 657 30 943 1082 752 623 350